NCI is conducting a case-control study of childhood Burkitt lymphoma in Malawi to examine the relationship between malaria, Epstein-Barr virus antibodies, and Burkitt lymphoma. Cases were enrolled at referral hospitals in Blantyre, Malawi from 2001 to 2010, and controls were children admitted at the same hospital with other cancers. Investigators will test whether children with Burkitt lymphoma are more likely to be infected with multiple malaria strains, infected with more diverse genetic strains, and/or have lower antibody responses to common malaria antigens than controls. In addition, they will evaluate the association between malaria resistance genes and Burkitt lymphoma. This study serves as a pilot effort that will provide preliminary data and findings that can be tested in the Epidemiology of Burkitt Lymphoma in East-African Children and Minors (EMBLEM) study currently underway in Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania.