In cancer patients and survivors, the evidence is sufficient to infer a causal relationship between tobacco use and adverse health outcomes, and between tobacco use and increased all-cause mortality and cancer-specific mortality. In spite of this, it was nearly 30 years from the first U.S. Surgeon General's Report linking smoking and lung cancer (1964) before the first randomized controlled trial of a smoking cessation intervention for cancer patients. We now know that tobacco cessation interventions for cancer patients can improve response to treatment and improve outcomes. Further, studies show patients are more likely to accept referral to cessation programs from health care providers who themselves are not tobacco users. In Latin America, tobacco cessation programs for cancer patients do not exist, and smoking remains a significant problem even among health care professionals. Only a limited number of studies assessing tobacco use after cancer diagnosis have been conducted in the region.