We have compared global miRNA profiles of 150 esophageal adenocarcinoma cases and 150 Barrett's esophagus controls using FFPE tissue acquired during endoscopy performed at a single medical institute between the years of 1992 and 2012 (manuscript resubmitted). We are assessing this hypothesis in an external validation population with additional extension to more discrete categorizations of the natural history of this cancer. We are also assessing whether microRNA profiles can be used with esophageal samples obtained through non-endoscopic means.